Sangamon Sun

Independence Day, celebrated every year on July 4th, commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence in 1776. This pivotal event laid the groundwork for the United States of America.

By the mid-1700s, the thirteen American colonies were thriving under British rule. However, rising tensions over issues such as taxation and lack of representation led many colonists to seek greater autonomy. Events like the Stamp Act in 1765, the Boston Massacre in 1770, and the Boston Tea Party in 1773 further strained relations between Britain and its American colonies.

In response to these growing concerns, "Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

The First Continental Congress convened in 1774 to address these issues. When reconciliation efforts failed, armed conflict erupted in April 1775 with battles at Lexington and Concord, marking the start of the American Revolution.

In summer 1776, colonial leaders met again in Philadelphia. After extensive debate, on July 2nd, they voted for independence. The Declaration of Independence was formally adopted on July 4th. Drafted mainly by Thomas Jefferson, it announced separation from Great Britain and outlined principles for the new nation: life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. It was signed by 56 delegates including John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Jefferson.

The Declaration quickly spread through the colonies. On July 8th, it was publicly read for the first time in Philadelphia amid bells ringing and band music. By July 4th of the following year, Philadelphia celebrated with fireworks and bonfires—traditions that continue today.

For decades after the Revolution ended, July 4th was marked with parades and speeches. In 1870 Congress declared it a federal holiday; it became a paid holiday for federal employees in 1938.

The Fourth of July serves as a reminder of courage and unity that shaped America’s foundation—a commitment to freedom made in 1776 honored with gratitude each year.

Happy Independence Day!